SS-31 50mg
$ 150.00
SS-31 helps improve mitochondrial function and overall production of energy via ATP synthesis. Research has shown its ability to reduce inflammatory cytokines which cause oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and more
All 1stPharma peptides are processed using lyophilization (freeze-drying), a method designed to safeguard stability and extend shelf life during shipping and storage. In this form, the compounds generally maintain their integrity for approximately three to four months. Once reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, however, they must be refrigerated to preserve molecular structure, with stability typically maintained for up to 30 days. Lyophilization—also referred to as cryodesiccation—is a controlled dehydration process in which peptides are frozen and then subjected to reduced pressure. Under these conditions, water transitions directly from solid ice to vapor without entering a liquid phase, leaving a dry, crystalline powder. This white, lyophilized material is stable at room temperature for short periods until reconstitution is required. Upon receipt, peptides should be stored away from light and maintained in a cool environment. For short-term use, refrigeration at or below 4°C (39°F) is recommended, providing stability for several days to weeks. While lyophilized peptides can remain intact at ambient temperatures for weeks, refrigeration is preferable to maximize reliability for ongoing research. For extended preservation—spanning several months to years—ultra-low storage is optimal. Peptides retained at –80°C (–112°F) demonstrate the highest long-term stability, ensuring consistent quality for future laboratory applications. For extended preservation, particularly for storage spanning multiple months to years, peptides are best kept in ultra-low freezers at approximately –80°C (–112°F). Under these long-term conditions, structural stability is maximized, ensuring peptides retain their quality and suitability for future research applications.
What is SS-31?
SS-31, also known as elamipretide, is a small aromatic peptide engineered to readily permeate cell membranes and reach mitochondria—the powerhouses of the cell. Its primary mechanism of action involves stabilizing cardiolipin, a phospholipid crucial to the inner mitochondrial membrane and integral to ATP (energy) synthesis. By maintaining cardiolipin integrity, SS-31 helps prevent the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while promoting efficient energy generation within cells.
Disturbances in cardiolipin stability are strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, a contributing factor in a wide range of conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, heart failure, fatty liver disease, and several neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Moreover, mitochondrial damage plays a key role in mitochondrial myopathies—a group of neuromuscular diseases marked by muscle weakness, fatigue, and organ dysfunction. SS-31 is the first peptide of its kind to reach clinical trials for potential treatment of mitochondrial myopathy and related disorders.
SS-31 Molecular Profile
Sequence: D-Arg-Tyr(2,6-diMe)-Lys-Phe
Molecular Formula: C32H49N9O5
Molecular Weight: 639.8 g/mol
PubChem CID: 11764719
CAS Number: 736992-21-5
Synonyms: Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia
SS-31 Research Overview
1. Mitochondrial Function and Energy Regulation
SS-31’s most significant therapeutic potential lies in restoring mitochondrial efficiency and promoting ATP synthesis. In animal studies, SS-31 demonstrated the ability to protect mitochondrial membranes from ischemia-induced damage, enhance ATP recovery, and reduce cellular necrosis. Clinical trials in humans revealed improved exercise capacity within just days of administration, suggesting measurable enhancement of energy metabolism. Although early Phase III trials yielded inconclusive data, experts believe the issue lay in the chosen endpoints rather than efficacy itself. Current studies continue to explore its potential across various disease states, including metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.
2. Cardiovascular Applications (Ischemia and Heart Failure)
SS-31 has shown promise in improving cardiac mitochondrial function by restoring oxygen flux and energy production in failing heart tissue. In canine studies, chronic treatment with SS-31 enhanced left ventricular performance and reduced pathological remodeling. Research further indicates that SS-31 may protect cardiac tissue during acute ischemic events by minimizing cardiomyocyte apoptosis—suggesting value in both acute and chronic heart failure management.
3. Diabetes and Oxidative Stress Reduction
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a known contributor to insulin resistance and vascular complications in diabetes. In human trials, SS-31 significantly reduced ROS production and upregulated SIRT1—a protein associated with improved insulin sensitivity and anti-inflammatory response. These findings suggest SS-31 may mitigate microvascular damage and slow disease progression by restoring mitochondrial equilibrium.
4. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms
SS-31 functions as a potent antioxidant, directly reducing oxidative stress and downstream inflammation. It inhibits FIS1 expression—an indicator of dysfunctional mitochondrial division—and suppresses inflammatory markers such as NF-kB p65 and CD-36. By preventing inflammasome activation, SS-31 helps preserve mitochondrial integrity, thereby maintaining optimal ATP production and minimizing chronic inflammation associated with diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Summary
SS-31 represents a pioneering advancement in mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics. Its ability to stabilize cardiolipin, enhance ATP production, and suppress oxidative stress positions it as a potential treatment for a wide spectrum of conditions rooted in mitochondrial dysfunction—from neurodegenerative diseases to cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Though initial clinical outcomes were mixed, ongoing research continues to reinforce its therapeutic promise.
Disclaimer:
All SS-31 products available through 1st Pharma are intended solely for in-vitro scientific research. They are not approved by the FDA for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of any disease.
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50mg |
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